Simultaneous determination of gene expression and bacterial identity in single cells in defined mixtures of pure cultures

A protocol was developed to achieve the simultaneous determination of gene expression and bacterial identity at the level of single cells; a chromogenic beta-galactosidase activity assay was combined with in situ hybridization of fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes to rRNA. The method allows monitoring of gene expression and quantification of beta-galactosidase activity in single cells.