Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits

General review and introduction to rare earths. Crystal chemical aspects of rare earth minerals. Perovskites. Magmatic stabilities and liquidus phase relationships. Formation of rare earth element minerals in hydrothermal systems. Langersundfjord minerals. Thor Lake Be-Y-rare earth element deposit, Northwest Territorities, Canada, Rare earth minerals in carbonatites. Rare earth minerals and rare earth elements in laterites formed on the alkaline complexes of Araxa and Catalao, Brazil. Authigenic rare earth minerals in karstic nickel deposits. Review of rare earth minerals from the Kola Peninsula. Rare earth element deposits in China. Analysis methods.