Role of individual glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 in the induction of a protective immune response

Affinity-purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (P13 virus) were used to investigate their role in the induction of a protective immune response following immunization of hamsters. The efficacy of immunization with the glycoprotein antigens was tested by challenge infection. Results of virus recovery from lungs and trachea demonstrated that although immunization with HN or F alone induced an antibody response to the respective glycoproteins, it did not provide a significant level of protection. However, immunization with a mixture of both purified glycoproteins induced higher virus-neutralizing activity in bronchial lavages and afforded complete protection from challenge infection. Similarly, incomplete protection was observed after passive transfer of monospecific rabbit antibody to the purified HN or F in baby hamsters. On the other hand, passive transfer of a mixture of antibodies to HN and F conferred a higher level of protection. Thus, the presence of antibody to both glycoproteins of P13 virus may be essential for protective immunity.