Actual Achievements on Germ Cells and Gametes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

In mammals, the specification of GC begins during cleavage; GC first appears near the gut and further migrates to the developing gonads. The lineage of GC is called germ line. They are unique cells, which undergo cell division of two types, mitosis and meiosis, in contrast to somatic cells of mammal’s body, which only divide by mitosis. Accordingly to Fig. 2 following further differentiation GC can be transformed into mature gamete, either eggs or sperm (Adams & McLaren, 2002). There is growing evidence for effects of environmental