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1. The Development Through Life Perspective. Assumptions of the Text. A Psychosocial Approach. The Scientific Process. The Life Span. 2. Psychosocial Theory. What Is a Theory? The Psychosocial Perspective. Evaluation of Psychosocial Theory. 3. Theories of Change. Biological Evolution. Cultural Theory. Psychosexual Development. Cognitive Development. Theories of Learning. Social Roles. Systems. 4. The Period of Pregnancy and Prenatal Development. Genetics and Development. Normal Foetal Development. The Birth Process. The Mother, the Foetus, and the Psychosocial Environment. Applied Topic: Abortion. 5. Infancy (Birth to 2 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Trust Versus Mistrust. Applied Topic: The Role of Parents. 6. Toddlerhood (2 to 4 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt. Applied Topics: Discipline and Day Care. 7. Early School Age (4 to 6 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative Versus Guilt. Applied Topic: The Impact of Television. 8. Middle School Age (6 to 12 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Industry Versus Inferiority. Applied Topic: Sex Education. 9. Early Adolescence (12 to 18 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Group Identity Versus Alienation. Applied Topic: Adolescent Alcohol Use. 10. Later Adolescence (18 to 22 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Individual Identity Versus Identity Confusion. Applied Topic: Career Decision Making. 11. Early Adulthood (22 to 34 Years). Major Concepts in the Study of Adulthood. Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy Versus Isolation. Applied Topic: Divorce. 12 Middle Adulthood (34 to 60 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity Versus Stagnation. Applied Topic: Adults and Their Aging Parents. 13. Later Adulthood (60 to 75 Years). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Integrity Versus Despair. Applied Topic: Retirement. 14. Very Old Age (75 Until Death). Developmental Tasks. The Psychosocial Crisis: Immortality Versus Extinction. Applied Topic: Meeting the Needs of the Frail Elderly. Appendix: Variations in Life Expectancy. (Each chapter concludes with a Summary and References.)