Handbook on estimation of external cost in the transport sector: produced within the study Internalisation Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT)

The European Commission has commissioned the Internalisation Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT) study in order to summarise the existing scientific and practitioner's knowledge. The central aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of approaches for estimation and internalisation of external cost and to recommend a set of methods and default values for estimating external costs when conceiving and implementing transport pricing policy and schemes. The study also provides technical support to the commission services to carry out an impact assessment of strategies to internalise transport external costs.