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Socialization is an important and complicated process in primates, involving morphological, ecological and social factors, which together serve to channel individuals into age- and gender-specific roles that help determine the population biology of each species. Despite its extreme importance, however, the socialization process has received little attention relative to primatological studies of adult nonhuman primates. Most studies have focused chiefly on social structure, as mediated by adults through dominance or affiliative interactions; mating strategies and their function in mediating the reproductive success of the mature individuals utilizing them; and socioecology, again primarily examining male and female adults' differential need for and utilization of resources and the resultant impact on social structure. This chapter investigates immature spider monkeys, that is, individuals from birth until emigration or attainment of social adulthood. The chapter focuses mainly on the Yucatecan spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi, a relatively monomorphic and large-brained cebid with a complex social organization and social roles clearly differentiated by gender. Socialization and the immature phase in these spider monkeys will be considered in the broader context of the adult roles they will eventually exhibit and with regard to what is known about immaturity in primates in general.