Postural Orientation and Equilibrium

Abstract The sections in this article are: Neural Control of Postural Orientation and Equilibrium Behavioral Goals Biomechanical Principles Postural Strategies Postural Orientation Stiffness and Tonic Muscle Activation Controlling Postural Orientation Internal Representation of Postural Orientation Coordination of Postural Equilibrium Triggered Reactions to External Disturbances Anticipatory Postural Adjustments for Voluntary Movement Modeling of Postural Coordination Sensory Control of Postural Orientation and Equilibrium Sensory Integration Somatosensory System Vestibular System Visual System Central Neural Control of Posture Spinal Cord and Brainstem Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Cerebral Cortex Concluding Remarks