A Qualitative Study of Potential Suicide Risk Factors in Returning Combat Veterans

According to the interpersonal-psychological theory of attempted and completed suicide (Joiner, 2005) suicide-related behavior is contingent upon three factors: acquired ability, burdensomeness, and failed belongingness. Qualitative research methodology was employed to explore these concepts among a group of returning Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) combat veterans. A sample of 16 individuals participated in interviews. Themes emerged regarding combat as a context for exposure to pain, subsequent coping strategies, and perceptions of burdensomeness, failed belongingness, and increased pain tolerance. Suicidal behavior was also articulated as a means of coping with risk factors outlined by Joiner. These results highlight the potential utility of this theory for OEF/OIF veterans. Interventions aimed at decreasing emotional dysregulation, and lessening perceptions of burdensomeness and failed belongingness may reduce risk for suicidal behavior.