Reduced Incidence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Everolimus and Reduced Tacrolimus Doses

This study compared the incidence of CMV infection/disease in de novo kidney transplant recipients receiving everolimus or mycophenolate and no CMV pharmacological prophylaxis. We randomized 288 patients to receive a single 3 mg/kg dose of antithymocyte globulin, tacrolimus, everolimus, and prednisone (r-ATG/EVR, n = 85); basiliximab, tacrolimus, everolimus, and prednisone (BAS/EVR, n = 102); or basiliximab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone (BAS/MPS, n = 101). The primary end-point was the incidence of first CMV infection/disease in the intention-to-treat population at 12 months. Patients treated with r-ATG/EVR showed a 90% proportional reduction (4.7% vs. 37.6%, HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.037-0.29; p < 0.001), while those treated with BAS/EVR showed a 75% proportional reduction (10.8% vs. 37.6%, HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.13-0.48; p < 0.001) in the incidence of CMV infection/disease compared to BAS/MPS. There were no differences in the incidence of acute rejection (9.4 vs. 18.6 vs. 15.8%, p = 0.403), wound-healing complications, delayed graft function, and proteinuria. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in BAS/EVR (65.7 ± 21.8 vs. 60.6 ± 20.9 vs. 69.5 ± 21.5 ml/min, p = 0.021). In de novo kidney transplant recipients receiving no pharmacological CMV prophylaxis, reduced-dose tacrolimus and everolimus was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of CMV infection/disease compared to standard tacrolimus dose and mycophenolate (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01354301).