Development of metabolic syndrome at a young age as a manifestation of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (PPARG mutation): the first description of its clinical case in Russia

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is extremely common (20%–25% of the world’s population), and its diagnostic criteria are defined and well known. It has been shown that patients who have MS are twice as likely to die from a cardiovascular complication and three times as likely to suffer from it compared with patients without MS. However, the underlying cause of MS remains to be clearly elucidated, although inherited factors, such as insulin resistance (IR), and external factors are considered to play a key role in this process. Special attention should be paid to MS in young patients, who may present the first manifestation of inherited lipodystrophy. The study describes the first known family in Russia (three clinical cases) with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) type 3 caused by heterozygous p.R212Q PPARG mutation (MIM#601487). The study reports rare forms of inherited IR, such as FPLD, and contributes to a better understanding of common disorders such as MS.