Molecules to Granules: A Comprehensive Starch Review

Abstract The molecular composition and physical aspects of starch structure are examined in relation to starch properties and utility. The structures and molecular properties of amylose and amylopectin are further considered for their effects on properties of starch granules and pastes, and whether or not they act independently or in concert with one another. Discussion of amylopectin focuses on models featuring clusters of short chain molecules that are interlinked and regularly spaced. Low and wide angle X‐ray diffraction studies are cited to confirm the cluster model and the role of amylopectin in starch crystallinity. The diversity of starch is evident by its depostion in one or more sites within a plant and by the variety of plants in which the starch is found. In addition, starches differ widely in size, shape and composition.