A Phase I/II study of external beam radiation, brachytherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 9207)

In this study, severe toxicity, including treatment-related fistulas, occurred within 7 months of brachytherapy. Based on the 12% incidence of fistulas, the authors continue to urge caution in employing EB, particularly when used in conjunction with chemotherapy.