Pharmacogenetic Interactions Between β-Blocker Therapy and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion Polymorphism in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

In a cohort of patients with systolic dysfunction, the ACE D allele was associated with a significantly poorer transplant-free survival. This effect was primarily evident in patients not treated with beta-blockers and was not seen in patients receiving therapy. These findings suggest a potential pharmacogenetic interaction between the ACE D/I polymorphism and therapy with beta-blockers in the determination of heart failure survival.