Integrated heaters for temperature control in disposable bioassay cartridges for use with portable, battery-operated instruments

Two methods for heating fluids in microliter- to milliliter-scale reaction chambers in disposable bioassay cartridges are analyzed and compared. Inductive heating requires no electrical contact between the energy source and the cartridge and uses a very inexpensive component in the cartridge. Resistive heating with a surface mount component requires electrical interconnection, but is generally conducive to low-cost off-the-shelf components. Typical power consumption for both inductive heating and resistive heating is consistent with battery-powered operation. A finite element model for heating an injection-molded plastic cartridge with a surface-mount resistor has been developed and validated through experiments on a 40 mm × 10 mm × 7.5 mm injection molded polystyrene cartridge with embedded 1 kΩ surface-mount resistors. A model of frequency-dependent heat generation in a novel inductive heating device is also presented.