An overview of integrated remote sensing and GIS for groundwater mapping in Egypt

Groundwater is considered the major portion of the world’s freshwater resources. One of the main challenges facing the sustainable development of Egypt is the need for better management of its limited fresh water resources. Groundwater exists in the Nile Valley, Nile Delta, Western Desert Oases, and Sinai Peninsula. Hydrogeological mapping of groundwater resources is one of the main tools for the controlled development of groundwater resources. Remotely sensed surface indicators of groundwater provide useful data where practical classical alternatives are not available. Integrated remote sensing and GIS are widely used in groundwater mapping. Locating potential groundwater targets is becoming more convenient, cost effective than invasive methods and efficient with the advent of a number of satellite imagery. The nature of remote sensing-based groundwater exploration is to delineate all possible features connected with localization of groundwater. Data, driven out of remote sensing, support decisions related to sustainable development and groundwater management.