A 48-Core IA-32 message-passing processor with DVFS in 45nm CMOS

A 567 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> processor on 45 nm CMOS integrates 48 IA-32 cores and 4 DDR3 channels in a 6×4 2D-mesh network. Cores communicate through message passing using 384 KB of on-die shared memory. Fine-grain power management takes advantage of 8 voltage and 28 frequency islands to allow independent DVFS of cores and mesh. As performance scales, the processor dissipates between 25 W and 125 W.