Charge states of energetic (≈0.5 MeV/n) ions in corotating interaction regions at 1 AU and implications on source populations

The ionic charge states of He, C, O, Ne, Mg and Fe at ≈0.5 MeV/n have been obtained in several corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in 1999 and 2000 with the Solar Energetic Particle Ionic Charge Analyzer (SEPICA) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). A large fraction (on average 25%) of He + is found relative to He 2+ , indicating a substantial contribution of interstellar pickup ions. The mean charge states of the heavy ions are consistent with those in CME related energetic particle events and in solar wind. A rather low upper limit of <1% is found for singly charged ions for C, O and Mg, while Ne shows a small, but noticeable, fraction (4.7%) of Ne + . These observations are consistent with a contribution from interstellar pickup ions, but seem to eliminate inner source pickup ions as a substantial source for CIRs at and near 1 AU.