Protective effect of caffeine on streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damage in rats

Many epidemiological studies have shown that coffee consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), although the reasons as to why remain unclear. In this study we investigated the effect of caffeine on pancreatic beta-cell damage in rats using the diabetogenic agent, streptozotocin (STZ). Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of saline or caffeine (10, 50 or 100 mg kg(-1)). After 15 min, the rats were injected with a citrate buffer or 65 mg kg(-1) STZ. Three days after injection, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on the rats. Furthermore, three days after the OGTT, the pancreas was isolated and homogenized, followed by determination of insulin content. STZ treatment significantly increased the plasma glucose level compared with the control at all times during the OGTT, which was significantly diminished by caffeine pretreatment at all doses. STZ treatment significantly decreased the plasma insulin level, however, which was not recovered by caffeine pretreatment. Pancreatic insulin content was significantly reduced by STZ treatment compared with the control, which was significantly recovered by caffeine pretreatment at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1) (P<0.01). We showed that caffeine protects pancreatic beta-cells against STZ toxicity. Further investigation will be required to understand the protective effect of caffeine against beta-cell destruction in T2D.