New Biological Functions and Applications of High‐Molecular‐Mass Poly‐<i>γ</i>‐glutamic Acid

Ultra-high-molecular-weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a most promising biodegradable polymer that is produced by Bacillus subtilis (chungkookjang). Attractive properties of gamma-PGA are that it is water soluble, anionic, biodegradable, and edible. Development of gamma-PGA has pursued in terms of cosmetics/skin care, bone care, nanoparticle for drug delivery system, hydrogel, and so on. Very recently, our research has shown that gamma-PGA can be used as an immune-stimulating agent, especially at high molecular weight. This review presents the synthesis and production of high-molecular-weight gamma-PGA and its various applications in industrial fields.