Interpretation and Uses of Medical Statistics

1. Describing Data -- A Single Variable. 2. Probability, Populations and Samples. 3. Associations: Chance, Confounded or Causal?. 4. Confidence intervals: General principles Proportions, Means, Medians, Counts and Rates. 5. Hypothesis Testing: General Principles and One--sample Tests for Means, Proportions, Counts and Rates. 6. Epidemiological and Clinical Research Methods. 7. Confidence intervals and Hypothesis Tests: Two--group Comparisons. 8. Sample Size Determination. 9. Comparison of More than Two Independent Groups. 10. Associations between Two Quantitative Variables: Regression and Correlation. 11. Multivariate Analysis and the Control of Confounding!. 12. Bias and Measurement Error. Bibliography. Appendix A Computational Shortcuts. Appendix B Statistical Tables. Appendix C A Cookbook of Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals. Appendix D World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki