Smile Reconstruction in Adults with Free Muscle Transfer Innervated by the Masseter Motor Nerve: Effectiveness and Cerebral Adaptation

A spontaneous smile, the ability to smile without thinking about it, occurred routinely in 59 percent and occasionally in 29 percent of patients. Eighty-five percent of patients learned to smile without biting. Age did not affect the degree of spontaneity of smiling or the patient's ability to smile without biting.