Doppler backscattering system for measuring fluctuations and their perpendicular velocity on Tore Supra

Backscattering of a microwave beam launched in oblique incidence makes possible measurement of density fluctuations close to the cut-off with a selected wave number k⃗⊥=−2k⃗i, where k⃗i is the beam wave vector at the reflection layer. On the system installed on Tore Supra, the incidence of the Gaussian beam is controlled thanks to a tiltable monostatic antenna. The microwave part of the system is based on a fluctuation reflectometer scheme with heterodyne detection, and the choice of a V band (50–75 GHz) microwave source and O mode polarization is appropriate for typical enhanced plasma regimes (n0=3–7×1019 m−3). Both the scattering wave number k⊥ and the scattering localization r/a can be changed during a shot, owing to the steppable probing frequency and the motorized antenna (tilt angle 0–10°). The wave-number range k⊥ is 4–15 cm−1, with a wave-number resolution around 2 cm−1, and the localization r/a∼0.3–0.85. The Doppler effect also provides the perpendicular velocity profile for the same position range. Experiments confirm the diagnostic capabilities.