Seasonal occurrence and distribution of flatfish (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes) in inlets and shallow water along the Otago coast

The distribution and seasonal occurrence of planktonic larvae, juveniles, and adult flatfish were studied. Larvae of Peltorhamphus latus, Rhombosolea plebeia , and R. tapirina , were common in the Otago Harbour plankton from late winter to early summer, and settlement of larvae resulted in peak abundance of juveniles of all three species in Otago Harbour, Papanui Inlet, and Hoopers Inlet over summer. Densities of juveniles in the three inlets subsequently declined over winter, probably mainly because of predation and emigration. Rhombosolea plebeia and R. tapirina were the only adult flatfish found in the inlets. Eight flatfish species were caught off‐shore; juvenile and adult Pelotretis flavilatus, Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae, P. tennis , and P. latus were relatively common, but only a few, mainly adult, Colistium nudipinnis, C. guntheri, R. plebeia , and R. tapirina were caught. For the common species there was a strong size‐depth relationship in the off‐shore waters; smaller individuals were found in the shallower, near‐shore waters. All juvenile flatfish caught were concentrated in finite nursery areas, in inlets or shallow coastal water. Inlets and shallow coastal waters are of vital importance to populations of these flatfish and, if present stocks are to be maintained, their nurseries must be preserved.