Desire to Have Children: Gender and Reproductive Rights of Men and Women Living with HIV: A Challenge to Health Care in Brazil

Links between HIV/AIDS care and reproductive health, including fertility options for people living with HIV (PLWH), have not been sufficiently addressed by health care providers. Moreover, few studies have addressed men in this regard. To describe attitudes toward parenthood and identify factors associated with desire to have children among men and women living with HIV a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 533 women and 206 men (bisexual and heterosexual) attending two reference sexually transmitted disease (STD)/AIDS centers in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants answered a standardized questionnaire. Desire to have children as the study outcome was compared between men and women and associated factors searched for in multivariable regression analysis. In contrast to previous studies conducted in developed countries, desire to have children in this sample was more frequent among men than among women and it was reported by 27.9% of participants (50.1% of men versus 19.2% of women). Women were more likely to anticipate doctors' strong opposition to PLWH getting pregnant and men reported lower information level about HIV/mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Bisexual men were more likely to desire to have biologic children. Male gender, younger age, having no children, living with 1-2 children, and being in a heterosexual partnership were independently associated with desire to have children. Regardless of gender, the childless as well as the youngest should be regarded as groups to be particularly targeted by counseling, to be provided with objective information about reproductive rights and options. Further research is warranted to address the desire for children among strictly homosexual men.