Holistic Strategy for Urban Security

Since September 11, 2001, the vulnerabilities to terrorism of our urban areas, and how best to address them, have been subject to considerable discussion, debate, and reflexive defensive measures. Although direct physical responses to such frightening events are certainly understandable, they are not based on a true assessment of risk, nor do they necessarily represent an effective, let alone cost effective, approach to addressing the threat of urban terrorism. This paper will explore recent trends in physical protection and offer observations on a rational basis for evaluating security strategies; some alternative, nonstructural approaches to urban security, and the need for robust institutions with well-qualified people in critical positions to develop and implement these strategies. It will seek to demonstrate that a holistic strategy that incorporates technology, people, and institutions will achieve far greater long-term security as well as possible ancillary mitigation benefits from other hazards.