Liquid Crystal Displays

Abstract This paper reviews the present status and art of liquid crystal displays. It discusses the fabrication and operational principles of dynamic scattering, twisted nematic, guest-host, dye phase change, tunable birefingence, thermally addressed smectic A mode, etc, displays. The potentialities of applications of these displays are examined critically. Twisted nematic mode displays, which capture over 99% of today's LCD market, is discussed in detail. Molecular enginnering, materials, and fabrication processed have been described. Addressing of liquid crystal displays, multiplexing and criteria for high level multiplexing are also discussed in detail. The use of nonlinear active devices (like varistor, MIM, TFT) for high level multiplexing are pointed out.