Cosmological phase transition, baryon asymmetry, and dark matter<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-balls

We consider a mechanism of dark matter production in the course of the first-order phase transition. We assume that there is an asymmetry between X and $\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ particles of the dark sector. In particular, it may be related to the baryon asymmetry. We also assume that the phase transition is so strongly first order that X particles do not permeate into the new phase. In this case, as the bubbles of the old phase collapse, X particles are packed into $Q$-balls with a huge mass defect. These $Q$-balls compose the present dark matter. We find that the required present dark matter density is obtained for the energy scale of the theory in the ballpark of 1--10 TeV. As an example, we consider a theory with an effective potential of one-loop motivated form.