Formulas and tables to facilitate the calculation of recombination values in heredity

This study provides the following aids for using the method of maximum likelihood to estimate recombination values and examine heterogeneity when complex genetic data are available: Estimation equations for a variety of backcross, F2, and F3 situations, including equations for estimating linkage intensities between a member of a complementary or duplicate pair, or a gene pair producing a 13:3 ratio, and a third gene pair; Tables of scores to facilitate the numerical solution of these equations; Tables to facilitate the calculation of the standard error of the recombination value. Since advance planning is important in linkage investigations, the use of the tables for this purpose is also described.