Electrospinning and electrically forced jets. II. Applications

Electrospinning is a process in which solid fibers are produced from a polymeric fluid stream (solution or melt) delivered through a millimeter-scale nozzle. This article uses the stability theory described in the previous article to develop a quantitative method for predicting when electrospinning occurs. First a method for calculating the shape and charge density of a steady jet as it thins from the nozzle is presented and is shown to capture quantitative features of the experiments. Then, this information is combined with the stability analysis to predict scaling laws for the jet behavior and to produce operating diagrams for when electrospinning occurs, both as a function of experimental parameters. Predictions for how the regime of electrospinning changes as a function of the fluid conductivity and viscosity are presented.