The PROTECT In-Hospital Risk Model: 7-Day Outcome in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure and Renal Dysfunction

Using the PROTECT 7-day risk model and score, the main determinants of an adverse outcome for AHF patients included impaired metabolic status, neurohormonal activation, and reduced cardiac performance, gauged by BUN, serum albumin and cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.