RFID authentication protocol for low-cost tags

In this paper, we investigate the possible privacy and security threats to RFID systems, and consider whether previously proposed RFID protocols address these threats. We then propose a new authentication protocol which provides the identified privacy and security features and is also efficient. The new protocol resists tag information leakage, tag location tracking, replay attacks, denial of service attacks, backward traceability, forward traceability (under an assumption), and server impersonation (also under an assumption). We also show that it requires less tag-side storage and computation than other similarly structured RFID protocols.