Association of Hemoglobin A_1c with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk

The risk for cardiovascular disease and total mortality associated with hemoglobin A1c concentrations increased continuously through the sample distribution. Most of the events in the sample occurred in persons with moderately elevated HbA1c concentrations. These findings support the need for randomized trials of interventions to reduce hemoglobin A1c concentrations in persons without diabetes.