Vortex-Nucleus Interaction and Pinning Forces in Neutron Stars

We calculate the force that pins vortices in the neutron superfluid to nuclei in the inner crust of rotating neutron stars, relying on a detailed microscopic description of both the vortex radial profile and the inner crust nuclear structure. The contribution to the pinning energy from pair condensation is estimated in the local density approximation with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. The kinetic contribution, included inconsistently in previous approaches, is evaluated in the same approximation and found to be relevant. The vortex-nucleus interaction turns out to be attractive for stellar densities greater than $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{13}\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. In this region, we find values for the pinning force which are almost 1 order of magnitude lower than the ones obtained so far. This has direct consequences on the critical velocity differences for vortex depinning.