High‐Density Mapping of Atrial Fibrillation in Humans: Relationship Between High‐Frequency Activation and Electrogram Fractionation

Greater fractionation and higher DF are seen in persistent AF and left atria during AF. Preferential areas of high DF are observed in paroxysmal but not persistent AF. CFAE and DF correlate within an individual but not point-by-point. Exploration of their spatial relationship demonstrates CFAE in areas adjacent to high DF, and this is supported by activation mapping at these sites.