Observation and Differentiation of Unique High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>Optical Resonances Near Zero Wave Vector in Macroscopic Photonic Crystal Slabs

We demonstrate and distinguish experimentally the existence of a special type of Fano resonances at $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\approx}\mathbf{0}$ in a macroscopic two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. We fabricate a square lattice array of holes in a silicon nitride layer and perform an angular resolved spectral analysis of the various Fano resonances. We elucidate their radiation behavior using temporal coupled-mode theory and symmetry considerations. The unique simplicity of this system whereby an ultralong lifetime delocalized electromagnetic field can exist above the surface and consequently easily interact with added matter, provides exciting new opportunities for the study of light and matter interaction.