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1. The Measurement and Development of Professional Performance: An Introduction to the Topic and a Background to the Design and Origin of this Book K. Anders Ericsson, Ray Perez, David Eccles, Laura Lang, Eva Baker, John Bransford, Kurt VanLehn and Paul Ward Part I. Challenges in Past and Contemporary Efforts to Measure and Train the Objective Performance of Professionals: 2. The 20th Century Revolution in Military Training Ralph Ernest Chatham 3. Developing Professional Expertise with a Cognitive Apprenticeship Model: Examples from Avionics and Medicine Susanne P. Lajoie 4. Leadership Development and Assessment: Describing and Rethinking the State of the Art Michael D. Mumford, Tamara L. Friedrich, Jay J. Caughron and Alison L. Antes 5. Revolutions, Leaders, and Diagnosticians: Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 2-4 Earl Hunt Part II. Past and Contemporary Efforts to Design Instruction, Train, and Maintain Professional Performance: 6. Research on Past and Current Training in Professional Domains: The Emerging Need for a Paradigm Shift Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer and Eddy W. Boot 7. Designing Training for Professionals Based on Subject Matter Experts and Cognitive Task Analysis Jan Maarten Schraagen 8. How to Help Professionals Maintain and Improve Their Knowledge and Skills: Triangulating Best Practices in Medicine Dave Davis 9. Advances in Specifying What Is To Be Learned: Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 6-8 Richard E. Mayer Part III. The Assessment and Training of Skilled and Expert Performers in the Military: 10. Toward a Second Training Revolution: Promise and Pitfalls of Digital Experiential Training Ralph Ernest Chatham 11. Evaluating Pilot Performance Brian T. Schreiber, Winston Bennett Jr., Charles M. Colegrove, Antoinette M. Portrey, David A. Greschke and Herbert H. Bell 12. Contrasting Submarine Specialty Training: Sonar and Fire Control S. S. Kirschenbaum, S. McInnis and K. P. Correll 13. Training Complex Cognitive Skills: A Theme-Based Approach to the Development of Battlefield Skills Scott B. Shadrick and James W. Lussier 14. Structuring the Conditions of Training to Achieve Elite Performance: Reflections on Elite Training Programs and Related Themes in Chapters 10-13 Robert A. Bjork Part IV. The Development of Expertise and Expert Performance: 15. The Influence of Learning Research on the Design and Use of Assessment Eva L. Baker 16. Acquiring Conceptual Expertise from Modeling: The Case of Elementary Physics Kurt VanLehn and Brett van de Sande 17. Teaching for Expertise: Problem-Based Methods in Medicine and Other Professional Domains Henny P. A. Boshuizen 18. Enhancing the Development of Professional Performance: Implications from the Study of Deliberate Practice K. Anders Ericsson 19. It Takes Expertise to Make Expertise: Some Thoughts about Why and How and Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 15-18 John D. Bransford and Daniel L. Schwartz Part V. General Discussion: 20. The Value of Expertise and Expert Performance: A Review of Evidence from the Military J. D. Fletcher 21. Expertise in the Management of People: A New Frontier for Research on Expert Performance Susan E. F. Chipman.