Investigation of composition and energy processes on the surface of electrodes of a lead-acid accumulator

Oxidation-reduction reactions (Pb ↔ Pb x O y ) without participation of sulfur and sulfates were found to take place on the surface of electrodes of a lead-acid accumulator during its operation and charging. The investigation was performed using the technique of spectroscopy of backscattered low-energy ions, Auger-spectroscopy and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy.