Inhibition of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor expression reduces dopaminergic sprouting in the injured striatum

After striatal injury, sprouting dopaminergic fibres grow towards and intimately surround wound macrophages which, together with microglia, express the dopaminergic neurotrophic factors glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To evaluate the importance of these endogenously secreted neurotrophic factors in generating striatal peri-wound dopaminergic sprouting, the peri-wound expression of BDNF or GDNF was inhibited by intrastriatal infusion of antisense oligonucleotides for 2 weeks in mice. Knock-down of both BDNF and GDNF mRNA and protein levels in the wounded striatum were confirmed by in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dopamine transporter immunohisto-chemistry revealed that inhibition of either BDNF or GDNF expression resulted in a marked decrease in the intensity of peri-wound sprouting. Quantification of this effect using [H3]-mazindol autoradiography confirmed that peri-wound sprouting was significantly reduced in mice receiving BDNF or GDNF antisense infusions whilst control infusions of buffered saline or sense oligonucleotides resulted in the pronounced peri-wound sprouting response normally associated with striatal injury. BDNF and GDNF thus appear to be important neurotrophic factors inducing dopaminergic sprouting after striatal injury.