Motivation and second language acquisition

This paper posits four stages of language acquisition, identified as elemental,
\nconsolidation, conscious expression, and automaticity and thought, and considers
\nthe role of motivation in this process. It distinguishes between two types of motivation,
\nlanguage learning motivation and classroom motivation, indicating how these relate to
\ntwo distinct contexts, the cultural and the educational through their influence on
\nintegrativeness and attitudes toward the learning situation. It discusses how the two
\ntypes of motivation are differentially involved in the four stages, and empirical support
\nfor this perspective is presented in the form of path analyses of two samples of students
\nfrom Catalonia.