A survey of approaches for direct parametric image reconstruction in emission tomography

The quantitative data obtained by emission tomography are decoded using a number of techniques and methods in sequence to provide physiological information. Conventionally, the data are reconstructed to produce a series of static images. Then, pharmacokinetic modeling techniques are applied, and kinetic parameters that have physiological or functional significance are derived. Although it is possible to optimize each estimation step in this process, many simplifying assumptions have to be introduced to make the methods that are used practicable. Published research has shown that if the kinetic parameters are estimated directly from the measured data, the parametric images will have higher quality and lower mean-squared error than if this was done indirectly. This review highlights some aspects of the methods that have been proposed for such direct estimation of pharmacokinetic information from raw emission data.