Rotation characteristics of main ions and impurity ions in<i>H</i>-mode tokamak plasma

Poloidal and toroidal rotation of the main ions (${\mathrm{He}}^{2+}$) and the impurity ions (${\mathrm{C}}^{6+}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}^{5+}$) in H-mode helium plasmas have been measured via charge exchange recombination spectroscopy in the DIII-D tokamak. It was discovered that the main ion poloidal rotation is in the ion diamagnetic drift direction while the impurity ion rotation is in the electron diamagnetic drift direction, in qualitative agreement with the neoclassical theory. The deduced radial electric field in the edge is of the same negative-well shape regardless of which ion species is used, validating the fundamental nature of the electric field in L-H transition phenomenology.