The influence of antimalarial treatment on IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression on UVB-irradiated skin in systemic lupus erythematosus

These results demonstrate the local inhibitory effects of chloroquine on UVB-induced upregulation in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in irradiated skin of SLE patients, and provide further insight into the apparent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties of chloroquine.