Influence of Photodynamic Therapy on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), VEGF Receptor 3, and Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor

PDT using verteporfin induces a reproducible angiogenic response in elderly human eyes. VEGF, VEGFR-3, and PEDF expression is enhanced after PDT. Choroidal endothelial cells appear to be the primary site of angiogenic stimulation.