In vivo glucose sensing for diabetes management: progress towards non-invasive monitoring

A device for continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose concentration in people with diabetes has been a clinical and research priority for many years but now has an urgency which is probably unquestioned in diabetes care.The purpose of this article is to explain recent advances in technology that are bringing glucose sensors closer to routine use and to highlight some of the remaining problems.Important new technologies include artificial receptors for glucose, tissue fluid sampling techniques, and new approaches to non-invasive sensing, such as fluorescence lifetime measurements.This is a selective overview that concentrates on research of the past five years, which we have assembled largely through personal experience and research in the specialty and from recent international workshops and meetings.