Coordinate Activation of HIF-1 and NF-κB DNA Binding and COX-2 and VEGF Expression in Retinal Cells by Hypoxia

Maximum HIF-1 and NF-kappaB DNA binding immediately before COX-2 expression suggests that these TFs are important regulators of COX-2 induction in hypoxic RF/6A cells. IL-1beta emulated AP-1, HIF-1, and NF-kappaB DNA binding during hypoxia and may be a novel cytokine trigger for NV. CGP43182 appears to be an effective inhibitor of NV. VEGF expression appears to be regulated through dual interdependent mechanisms involving HIF-1 directly and indirectly through NF-kappaB-mediated COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production.