What nurses need to know about Buddhist perspectives of end-of-life care and dying

Palliative care professionals, particularly nurses, understand that it is crucial to deliver culturally and religiously appropriate care to the dying while attending to their physical needs. This article provides a brief overview of the different types of Buddhism and the major beliefs of Buddhists, particularly around suffering and death. It explores the impact of some of the current practices of end-of-life care from the Buddhist perspective, with an emphasis on Buddhist goals, beliefs, and practices at the time of death. It outlines the importance of advanced care planning, particularly with respect to the use of analgesia, palliative sedation, and any special dietary requirements. It notes that regardless of advanced care planning, nurses should continue to assess the needs of the patient, and in discussion with family, titrate medication and provide an environment that helps the Buddhist reach his/her spiritual goals. It outlines the importance of the environment in achieving this goal, particularly as the Buddhist practitioner will wish to use non-medication practices, such as meditation and chanting, to finish the last meditation before death. The paper provides guidance on how nurses can ensure a good death for the dying Buddhist, and their family or loved ones, especially in the area of choice in terminal pain management and palliative sedation therapy.