Root resorption — etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations

Abstract This paper is an attempt to summarize our knowledge on root resorption from the point of view of clinical relevance and to present a revised terminological system that corresponds to our present understanding of the resorptive processes in teeth. It appears practical to keep the terms inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption. Inflammatory resorption occurs when the predentin or precementum becomes mineralized or, in case of the precementum, is mechanically damaged or scraped off. It is seen on the wall of the root canal ( internal resorption ) and on the external surface of the root ( external resorption or cervical resorption ) and it may be transient or progressive. Inflammatory resorption becomes progressive when, in addition to a denuded area of an internal or external root surface, there is additional long–lasting stimulation of the resorbing cells, like sharp edges, increased pressure in the tissue, infection, or certain systemic diseases. Replacement resorption is seen in ankyloscd teeth that have become incorporated in bone. It is not a result of a disease process, but occurs as a “mistake” because the cells involved in the remodeling of bone are not able to distinguish between the dental tissues and bone. Whereas progressive inflammatory resorption today can be treated with a high rate of success, replacement resorption still remains beyond our clincial competence.