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Research Article| October 01, 2011 Tourmaline the Indicator Mineral: From Atomic Arrangement to Viking Navigation Frank C. Hawthorne; Frank C. Hawthorne 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada E-mail: frank_hawthorne@umanitoba.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dona M. Dirlam Dona M. Dirlam 2Gemological Institute of America, The Robert Mouawad Campus 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA E-mail: ddirlam@gia.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Frank C. Hawthorne 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada E-mail: frank_hawthorne@umanitoba.ca Dona M. Dirlam 2Gemological Institute of America, The Robert Mouawad Campus 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA E-mail: ddirlam@gia.edu Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1811-5217 Print ISSN: 1811-5209 © 2011 by the Mineralogical Society of America Elements (2011) 7 (5): 307–312. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.5.307 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Frank C. Hawthorne, Dona M. Dirlam; Tourmaline the Indicator Mineral: From Atomic Arrangement to Viking Navigation. Elements 2011;; 7 (5): 307–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.5.307 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract Tourmaline sensu lato has been known for at least two thousand years, and its unique combination of physical properties has ensured its importance to human society, from technical devices (such as a possible Viking navigational aid and early piezoelectric gauges in the 20th century) to attractive and popular gemstones. The chemical diversity and accommodating nature of its structure combine to make tourmaline a petrogenetic indicator for the wide range of rocks in which it occurs. Recent advances in understanding the structure, site assignments, and substitution mechanisms have led to a new nomenclature for the tourmaline supergroup minerals. Eighteen species have been described to encapsulate the chemical variety found in this intriguing structure. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.