Crustal‐scale structure and evolution of an arc‐continent collision zone in the southern Urals, Russia

The outcropping geology of the southern Urals contains a well‐preserved accretionary complex related to the Paleozoic collision that took place between the Magnitogorsk arc and the former East European Craton. The crustal‐scale structure of the accretionary complex has been determined from outcropping field geology that is integrated with three reflection seismic profiles. The reflection profiles show the accretionary complex to be highly reflective, allowing direct comparison of many reflections with surface geological features. We interpret the accretionary complex to be a thrust stack that is composed of shallowly subducted continental shelf and rise material, syncollisional sediments derived from the arc, deeply subducted high‐pressure gneisses that are intercalated with eclogites and blueschist, and, at the highest structural level, ophiolite complexes. It is bound at the base by a thrust and at the rear by a highly deformed zone (the Main Uralian fault) adjacent to the backstop (the Magnitogorsk arc). Deposition of the Late Devonian volcaniclastic sediments of the Zilair Formation appears to be related to collision, uplift, and erosion of the arc, possibly following the arrival of the full thickness of the East European Craton continental crust at the subduction zone. With the arrival of the continental crust at the subduction zone, offscraping and underplating of Paleozoic slope and platform material took place at the base of the accretionary complex. Uplift of the arc was followed by its collapse and the unconformable deposition of Lower Carboniferous shallow water carbonates on top of it. A time lag of 10 – 15 Myr occurred between the high‐pressure metamorphism and the subsequent arrival of the East European Craton at the subduction zone.